PETER WILF

Publications

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Wilf P, KC Nixon, MA Gandolfo, NR Cúneo. 2019. Eocene Fagaceae from Patagonia and Gondwanan legacy in Asian rainforests. Science 364, eaaw5139. [Figshare image library] [Technical Response]

Kooyman RM, RJ Morley, DM Crayn, EM Joyce, M Rossetto, JWF Slik, JS Strijk, T Su, J-YS Yap, P Wilf. 2019. Origins and assembly of Malesian rainforests. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, v. 50, p. 119-143.

Andruchow-Colombo A, P Wilf, IH Escapa. 2019. A South American fossil relative of Phyllocladus: Huncocladus laubenfelsii gen. et sp. nov. (Podocarpaceae), from the early Eocene of Laguna del Hunco, Patagonia, Argentina. Australian Systematic Botany, v. 32, p. 290-309.

Andruchow-Colombo A, IH Escapa, RJ Carpenter, RS Hill, A Iglesias, A Abarzua, P Wilf. 2019. Oldest record of scale-leaved Podocarpaceae, early Paleocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Alcheringa, v. 43, p. 127-145.

Jud NA, A Iglesias, P Wilf, MA Gandolfo. 2018. Fossil moonseeds from the Paleogene of West Gondwana (Patagonia, Argentina). American Journal of Botany, v. 105, p. 927-942.

Escapa IH, A Iglesias, P Wilf, SA Catalano, MA Caraballo-Ortiz, NR Cúneo. 2018. Agathis trees of Patagonia’s Cretaceous-Paleogene death landscapes and their evolutionary significance. American Journal of Botany, v.108, p. 1345-1368.

Donovan MP, A Iglesias, P Wilf, CC Labandeira, NR Cúneo. 2018. Diverse plant-insect associations from the latest Cretaceous and early Paleocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana, v. 55, p. 303-338.

Carpenter RJ, A Iglesias, P Wilf. 2018. Early Cenozoic vegetation in Patagonia: new insights from organically preserved plant fossils (Ligorio Márquez Formation, Argentina). International Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 179, p. 115-135.

Jud NA, MA Gandolfo, A Iglesias, P Wilf. 2018. Fossil flowers from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, Argentina with affinity to Schizomerieae (Cunoniaceae). Annals of Botany, v. 121, p. 431-442.

Wilf P, MP Donovan, NR Cúneo, MA Gandolfo. 2017. The fossil flip-leaves (Retrophyllum, Podocarpaceae) of southern South America. American Journal of Botany, v. 104, p. 1344-1369. [supplemental image library on Figshare]

Wright I, Ning D, Maire V, Prentice IC, Westoby M, Diaz S, Gallagher RV, Jacobs BF, Kooyman R, Law EA, Leishman MR, Niinemets Ü, Reich PB, Sack L, Villar R, Wang H, Wilf P. 2017. Global climatic drivers of leaf size. Science, v. 357, p. 917-921.

Wu J-Y, Wilf P, Ding S-T, An P-C, Dai J. 2017. Late Miocene Cyclocarya (Juglandaceae) from southwest China and its biogeographic implications. International Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 178, p. 580-591.

Jud NA, MA Gandolfo, A Iglesias, P Wilf. 2017. Flowering after disaster: early Danian buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) flowers and leaves from Patagonia. PLoS One, 12: e0176164.

Krause JM, WC Clyde, M Ibañez-Mejia, MD Schmitz, T Barnum, ES Bellosi, P Wilf. 2017. New age constraints for early Paleogene strata of central Patagonia, Argentina: implications for the timing of South American land mammal ages. GSA Bulletin, v. 129, p. 886-903.

Wilf P, MR Carvalho, MA Gandolfo, NR Cúneo. 2017. Eocene lantern fruits from Gondwanan Patagonia and the early origins of Solanaceae. Science, v. 355, p. 71-75. [full-text & reprint] [supplemental image library on Figshare]

Donovan MP, A Iglesias, P Wilf, CC Labandeira, NR Cúneo. 2016. Rapid recovery of Patagonian plant-insect associations after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction. Nature Ecology & Evolution, v. 1, art. 12, doi:10.1038/s41559-016-0012.

Wilf P, DW Stevenson, NR Cúneo. 2016. The last Patagonian cycad, Austrozamia stockeyi gen. et sp. nov., early Eocene of Laguna del Hunco, Chubut, Argentina. Botany, v. 94. p. 817-829.

Wilf, P, S Zhang, S Chikkerur, SA Little, SL Wing, T Serre. 2016. Computer vision cracks the leaf code. PNAS, v. 113, p. 3305-3310.

Wilf P, Escapa IH. 2016. Molecular dates require geologic testing. New Phytologist, v. 209, p. 1359-1362.

Elliott SJ, CL Grettenberger, MP Donovan, P Wilf, RC Walter, DJ Merritts. 2016. Riparian and valley-margin hardwood species of pre-colonial Piedmont forests: A preliminary study of subfossil leaves from White Clay Creek, southeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica 19.1.2A, 1-26.

Su T, P Wilf, Y Huang, S Zhang, Z Zhou. 2015. Peaches preceded humans: fossil evidence from SW China. Nature Scientific Reports 5, art. 16794.

Wilf P, CC Labandeira. 2015. The fossil record of mutualisms. Pp. 39-41 in Mutualism, ed. JL Bronstein, Oxford University Press. Viewable on Google Books.

Merkhofer L, P Wilf, MT Haas, RM Kooyman, L Sack, C. Scoffoni, NR Cúneo. 2015. Resolving Australian analogs for an Eocene Patagonian paleorainforest using leaf size and floristics. American Journal of Botany, v. 102, p. 1160-1173.

Comer EE, RL Slingerland, JM Krause, A Iglesias, WC Clyde, MS Raigemborn, P Wilf. 2015. Sedimentary facies and depositional environments of diverse early Paleocene floras, north-central San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina. Palaios, v. 30, p. 553-573 (cover article).

Wilf P, Escapa IH. 2015. Green Web or megabiased clock? Plant fossils from Gondwanan Patagonia speak on evolutionary radiations. New Phytologist, v. 207, p. 283-290 (invited Tansley Insight).

Villar de Seoane L, NR Cúneo, I Escapa, P Wilf, MA Gandolfo. 2015.Ginkgoites patagonica (Berry) comb. nov. from the Eocene of Patagonia, last ginkgoalean record in South America. International Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 176, p. 346-363.

Kooyman RM, Wilf P, Barreda, VD, Carpenter RJ, Jordan GJ, Sniderman JMK, Allen A, Brodribb TJ, Crayn D, Feild TS, Laffan SW, Lusk CH, Rossetto M, Weston PH. 2014. Paleo-Antarctic rainforest into the modern Old World tropics: the rich past and threatened future of the 'southern wet forest survivors.' American Journal of Botany, v. 101, p. 2121-2135.

Su T, P Wilf, H Xu, Z-K Zhou. 2014. Miocene leaves of Elaeagnus(Elaeagnaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, its modern center of diversity and endemism. American Journal of Botany, v. 101, p. 1350-1361.

Little SA, WA Green, SL Wing, P Wilf. 2014. Reinvestigation of leaf rank, an underappreciated component of Leo Hickey’s legacy. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, v. 55, p. 79-87.

Carpenter RJ, P Wilf, JG Conran, NR Cúneo. 2014. A Paleogene trans-Antarctic distribution for Ripogonum (Ripogonaceae: Liliales)?Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 17, article 17.3.39A.

Donovan M, P Wilf, CC Labandeira, KR Johnson, DJ Peppe. 2014 Novel insect leaf-mining after the end-Cretaceous extinction and the demise of Cretaceous leaf miners, Great Plains, USA. PloS One, v. 9, e103542.

Carvalho MR, P Wilf, H Barrios, ED Currano, DM Windsor, CA Jaramillo, CC Labandeira. 2014. Insect leaf-chewing damage tracks herbivore richness in modern and ancient forests. PloS One, v. 9, e94950.

Wilf P, IH Escapa, NR Cúneo, RM Kooyman, KR Johnson, A Iglesias. 2014. First South American Agathis (Araucariaceae), Eocene of Patagonia. American Journal of Botany, v. 101, p. 156-179. [original 1200 dpi figures on figshare]

Clyde WC, P Wilf, A Iglesias, RL Slingerland, T Barnum, PK Bijl, TJ Bralower, H Brinkhuis, EE Comer, BT Huber, M Ibañez-Mejia, BR Jicha, JM Krause, JD Schueth, BS Singer, MS Raigemborn, MD Schmitz, A Sluijs, MC Zamaloa. 2014. New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: implications for K/Pg extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 126, p. 289-306.

Cornwell WK, et al. (26 authors). 2014. Functional distinctiveness of major plant lineages. Journal of Ecology, v. 102, p. 345-356.

Wilf P. 2014, Commentary on K.J. Niklas, B.H. Tiffney, A.H. Knoll, 1983, Patterns in vascular land plant diversification, Nature 303:614-616, p. 36 inFoundations of Macroecology, F.A. Smith, J.L. Gittleman, J.H. Brown, eds., University of Chicago Press.

Elliott SJ, P Wilf, RC Walter, DJ Merritts. 2013. Subfossil leaves reveal a new upland floral component of the pre-European Piedmont landscape, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. PloS One, v. 8, e79317.

Knight CL, P Wilf. 2013. Rare leaf fossils of Monimiaceae and Atherospermataceae (Laurales) from Eocene Patagonian rainforests and their biogeographic significance. Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 16, article 26A, 39 p.

Carvalho MR, P Wilf, MA Gandolfo, EJ Hermsen, KR Johnson, NR Cúneo. 2013. First record of Todea (Osmundaceae) in South America, from the early Eocene paleorainforests of Laguna del Hunco (Patagonia, Argentina).American Journal of Botany, v. 100, p. 1831-1848.

Macphail M, RJ Carpenter, A Iglesias, P Wilf. 2013. First fossil evidence for Wollemi Pine-type pollen (Dilwynites: Araucariaceae) in South America. PloS One, 8: e69281, 8 p.

Wilf, P., N.R. Cúneo, I.H. Escapa, D. Pol, M.O. Woodburne. 2013. Splendid and seldom isolated: the paleobiogeography of Patagonia. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 41, p. 561-603. [pdf, html]

Barreda V.D., N.R. Cúneo, P. Wilf, E.D. Currano, R.A. Scasso, H. Brinkhuis. 2012. Cretaceous/Paleogene floral turnover in Patagonia: drop in diversity, low extinction, and a Classopollis spike. PLoS One, v. 7, e52455 (8 p.). [pdf, html]

Barclay, R.S., P. Wilf, D.L. Dilcher, J.C. McElwain. 2012. The Cuticle Database Project, version 1.1, The Earth and Environmental Systems Institute of Pennsylvania State University.

Wilf, P. 2012. Rainforest conifers of Eocene Patagonia: attached cones and foliage of the extant southeast-Asian and Australasian genus Dacrycarpus(Podocarpaceae). American Journal of Botany, v. 99, p. 562-584 (cover article). [original 1200 dpi figures on figshare]

Sauquet, H., S.Y.W. Ho, M.A. Gandolfo, G.J. Jordan, P. Wilf, D.J. Cantrill, M. Bayly, L. Bromham, G. Brown, R.J. Carpenter, D.M. Lee, D. Murphy, J.M. Kale Sniderman, F. Udovicic. 2012. Testing the impact of calibration on molecular divergence times using a fossil-rich group: the case of Nothofagus(Fagales). Systematic Biology, v. 61, p. 289-313 (cover article). [pdf, html, supplement]

Gandolfo, M.A., E.J. Hermsen, M.C. Zamaloa, K.C. Nixon, C.C. González, P. Wilf, N.R. Cúneo, K.R. Johnson. 2011. Oldest known Eucalyptus fossils are from South America. PloS One, v. 6, e21084. [pdf, html, supplement]

Little, S.A., S.W. Kembel, P. Wilf. 2010. Paleotemperature proxies from leaf fossils reinterpreted in light of evolutionary history. PloS One, v. 5, e15161.[pdf, html, supplement]

Winkler, I.S., C.C. Labandeira, T. Wappler, P. Wilf. 2010. Distinguishing Agromyzidae (Diptera) leaf mines in the fossil record: new taxa from the Paleogene of North America and Germany and implications for host use evolution and an early origin for the Agromyzidae. Journal of Paleontology, v. 84, p. 935-954. [pdf]

Currano, E.D., C.C. Labandeira, P. Wilf. 2010. Fossil insect folivory tracks paleotemperature for six million years. Ecological Monographs, v. 80, p. 547-567 (cover article). [pdf] [supplement]

Peppe, D.J., D.L. Royer, P. Wilf, E.A. Kowalski. 2010. Quantification of large uncertainties in fossil leaf paleoaltimetry. Tectonics, v. 29, TC3015, doi:10.1029/2009TC002549. [pdf] [supplement]

Wilf, P., B.S. Singer, M.C. Zamaloa, K.R. Johnson, N.R. Cúneo. 2010. Early Eocene 40Ar/39Ar age for the Pampa de Jones plant, frog, and insect biota (Huitrera Formation, Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina).Ameghiniana, v. 47, p. 207-216. [pdf]

Wilf, P., S.A. Little, A. Iglesias, M.C. Zamaloa, M.A. Gandolfo, N.R. Cúneo, K.R. Johnson. 2009. Papuacedrus (Cupressaceae) in Eocene Patagonia, a new fossil link to Australasian rainforests. American Journal of Botany, v. 96, p. 2031-2047 (cover article). [pdf]

Wing, S.L., F. Herrera, C.A. Jaramillo, C. Gómez-N., P. Wilf, C.C. Labandeira. 2009. Late Paleocene fossils from the Cerrejón Formation, Colombia, are the earliest record of Neotropical rainforest. PNAS, v. 106, p. 18627-18632. [pdf][supporting information, 40 Mb pdf including photos and descriptions]

Wappler, T., E.D. Currano, P. Wilf, J. Rust, C.C. Labandeira. 2009. No post-Cretaceous ecosystem depression in European forests? Rich insect-feeding damage on diverse middle Palaeocene plants at Menat, France. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, v. 276, p. 4271-4277. [pdf, html, supplement]

Sarzetti, L.C., C.C. Labandeira, J. Muzón, P. Wilf, N.R. Cúneo, K.R. Johnson, J.F. Genise. 2009. Odonatan endophytic oviposition from the Eocene of Patagonia: the ichnogenus Paleoovoidus and implications for behavioral stasis. Journal of Paleontology, v. 83, p. 431-447. [pdf]

Royer, D.L., R.M. Kooyman, S.A. Little, P. Wilf. 2009. Ecology of leaf teeth: A multi-site analysis from Australian subtropical rainforest. American Journal of Botany, v. 96, p. 738-750. [pdf] [supplemental Appendix S1] [supplemental Appendix S2]

Ellis, B., D. Daly, L.J. Hickey, K.R. Johnson, J. Mitchell, P. Wilf, S.L. Wing. 2009. Manual of Leaf Architecture. Cornell University Press, 190 p.ISBN: 080147518X.

Crisp, M., M. Arroyo, L. Cook, M.A. Gandolfo, G. Jordan, M. McGlone, P. Weston, M. Westoby, P. Wilf,  H.P. Linder. 2009. Phylogenetic biome conservatism on a global scale. Nature, v. 458, p. 754-756. [pdf] [supplemental data pdf]

Bennington, J.B., et al. (32 authors). 2009. Critical issues of scale in paleoecology. Palaios (Spotlight), v. 24, p. 1-4. [pdf]

Wilf, P., 2008. Fossil angiosperm leaves: paleobotany’s difficult children prove themselves. Paleontological Society Papers, v. 14, p. 319-333. [pdf]

Royer D.L., J.C. McElwain, J.M. Adams, P. Wilf. 2008. Sensitivity of leaf size and shape to climate within Acer rubrum and Quercus kelloggii. New Phytologist, v. 179, p. 808-817. [pdf] [supplemental information]

Wilf, P. 2008. Insect-damaged fossil leaves record food web response to ancient climate change and extinction. New Phytologist (Tansley Review), v. 178, p. 486-502. [pdf]

Currano, E.D., P. Wilf, S.L. Wing, C.C. Labandeira, E.C. Lovelock, D.L. Royer, 2008. Sharply increased insect herbivory during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. PNAS, v. 105, p. 1960-1964. [pdf][supplemental data]

Danehy, D.R., P. Wilf, S.A. Little, 2007. Early Eocene macroflora from the Red Hot Truck Stop locality (Meridian, Mississippi, USA). Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 10, article 17A, 31 p. [html] [pdf]

Royer, D.L., L. Sack, P. Wilf, C.H. Lusk, G.J. Jordan, Ü. Niinemets, I.J. Wright, M. Westoby, B. Cariglino, P.D. Coley, A.D. Cutter, K.R. Johnson, C.C. Labandeira, A.T. Moles, M.B. Palmer, F. Valladares, 2007. Fossil leaf economics quantified: calibration, Eocene case study, and implications.Paleobiology, v. 33, p. 574-589. [pdf] [online appendix A] [online appendix B]

Iglesias, A., P. Wilf, K.R. Johnson, A.B. Zamuner, N.R. Cúneo, S.D. Matheos, B.S. Singer, 2007. A Paleocene lowland macroflora from Patagonia reveals significantly greater richness than North American analogs. Geology, v. 35, p. 947-950. [pdf incl. supplemental data]

Labandeira, C.C., Wilf, P., Johnson, K.R., and Marsh, F. 2007. Guide to Insect (and other) Damage Types on Compressed Plant Fossils. Version 3.0. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 25 p. [pdf] (ready to print/laminate for field and lab use)

González, C.C., M.A. Gandolfo, M.C. Zamaloa, N.R. Cúneo, P. Wilf, K.R. Johnson, 2007. Revision of the Proteaceae macrofossil record fromPatagonia, Argentina . Botanical Review, v. 73, p. 235-266. [pdf]

Wilf, P., C.C. Labandeira, K.R. Johnson, B. Ellis, 2006. Decoupled plant and insect diversity after the end-Cretaceous extinction. Science, v. 313, p. 1112-1115 (in Reports). [pdf] [supplemental data]

Zamaloa, M.C., M.A. Gandolfo, C.C. González, E.J. Romero, N.R. Cúneo, and P. Wilf, 2006. Casuarinaceae from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina. International Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 167, p. 1279-1289. [pdf]

Secord, R., P.D. Gingerich, M.E. Smith, W.C. Clyde, P. Wilf, and B.S. Singer, 2006. Geochronology and mammalian biostratigraphy of middle and upper Paleocene continental strata, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. American Journal of Science, v. 306. p. 211-245. [pdf]

Royer, D.L., and P. Wilf, 2006. Why do toothed leaves correlate with cold climates? Gas-exchange at leaf margins provides new insights into a classic paleotemperature proxy. International Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 167, p. 11-18. [pdf]

Wilf, P., C.C. Labandeira, K.R. Johnson, N.R. Cúneo, 2005. Richness of plant-insect associations in Eocene Patagonia: a legacy for South American biodiversity. PNAS, v. 102, p. 8944-8948. [pdf]

Wilf, P., K.R. Johnson, N.R. Cúneo, M.E. Smith, B.S. Singer, and M.A. Gandolfo, 2005, Eocene plant diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina. American Naturalist, v. 165, p. 634-650. [pdf][supplemental data]

Royer, D.L., P. Wilf, D.A. Janesko, E.A. Kowalski, and D.L. Dilcher, 2005, Correlations of climate and plant ecology to leaf size and shape: potential proxies for the fossil record. American Journal of Botany, v. 92. p. 1141-1151. [pdf]] [images and supplemental data]

Wilf, P., and K.R. Johnson, 2004, Land plant extinction at the end of the Cretaceous: a quantitative analysis of the North Dakota megafloral record.Paleobiology, v. 30, p. 347-368. [pdf] [html]

Greenwood, D.R.,  P. Wilf, S.L. Wing, and D.C. Christophel, 2004, Paleotemperature estimation using leaf-margin analysis: is Australia different? Palaios, v. 19, p. 129-142. [pdf]

Wilf, P., N.R. Cúneo, K.R. Johnson, J.F. Hicks, S.L. Wing, J.D. Obradovich, 2003, High plant diversity in Eocene South America: Evidence from Patagonia. Science, v. 300, p. 122-125 (in Reports). [pdf] [supplemental data]

Huff, P.M., P. Wilf, and E.J. Azumah, 2003. Digital future for paleoclimate estimation from fossil leaves? Preliminary results. Palaios, v. 18, p. 266-274.[pdf] [images and supplemental data].

Wilf, P., K.R. Johnson, and B. T. Huber. 2003. Correlated terrestrial and marine evidence for global climate changes before mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. PNAS 100: 599-604. [pdf] [supplemental data]

C.C. Labandeira, K.R. Johnson, and P. Wilf. 2002. Impact of the terminal Cretaceous event on plant-insect associations. PNAS 99: 2061-2066. [pdf][html] [supplemental data]

Wilf, P., C.C. Labandeira, K.R. Johnson, P.D. Coley, and A.D. Cutter. 2001. Insect herbivory, plant defense, and early Cenozoic climate change. PNAS98: 6221-6226. [pdf] [html] [supplemental data]

Burnham, R.J., N.C.A. Pitman, K.R. Johnson, and P. Wilf. 2001. Habitat-related error in estimating temperatures from leaf margins in a humid tropical forest. American Journal of Botany 88: 1096-1102. [pdf] [supplemental data]

Wilf, P., C.C. Labandeira, W.J. Kress, C.L. Staines, D.M. Windsor, A.L. Allen, and K.R. Johnson. 2000. Timing the radiations of leaf beetles: Hispines on gingers from latest Cretaceous to Recent. Science 289: 291-294 (coverarticle). [pdf]

Wilf, P. 2000. Late Paleocene-early Eocene climate changes in southwestern Wyoming: Paleobotanical analysis. Geological Society of America Bulletin112:292-307. [pdf] [supplemental data]

Wilf, P., and C.C. Labandeira. 2000. Effects of Paleocene-Eocene warming on insect herbivory. GFF:122.

Wilf, P., and C.C. Labandeira. 1999. Response of plant-insect associations to Paleocene-Eocene warming. Science 284:2153-2156. [pdf]

Wilf, P., S.L. Wing, D.R. Greenwood, and C.L. Greenwood. 1999. Using fossil leaves as paleoprecipitation indicators: An Eocene example: Reply. Geology27:92. [pdf]

Leaf Architecture Working Group (Ash, A., B. Ellis, L.J. Hickey, K.R. Johnson, P. Wilf, and S.L. Wing). 1999. Manual of Leaf Architecture: Morphological description and categorization of dicotyledonous and net-veined monocotyledonous angiosperms. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 65 p. [pdf]

Wilf, P., K.C. Beard, K.S. Davies-Vollum, and J.W. Norejko. 1998. Portrait of a late Paleocene (early Clarkforkian) terrestrial ecosystem: Big Multi Quarry and associated strata, Washakie Basin, southwestern Wyoming. Palaios13:514-532. [pdf]

Wilf, P. 1998. Using fossil plants to understand global change: Evidence for Paleocene-Eocene warming in the greater Green River Basin of southwestern Wyoming. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 384 p. [48 Mb pdf file now on figshare; contains 38 plates illustrating fossil plants]

Wilf, P., S.L. Wing, D.R. Greenwood, and C.L. Greenwood. 1998. Using fossil leaves as paleoprecipitation indicators: An Eocene example. Geology26:203-206. [pdf]

Wilf, P. 1997. When are leaves good thermometers? A new case for Leaf Margin Analysis. Paleobiology 23:373-390. [pdf] [html]

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